How to Do MLA In-Text Citations: Complete Guide for Beginners
How to Do In-Text Citations in MLA Style
When writing a research paper or academic essay, giving credit to the sources you’ve used is crucial. Proper citation not only upholds academic integrity but also ensures that your work is credible and professional. Among the various citation styles, MLA (Modern Language Association) is one of the most commonly used formats, especially in humanities disciplines. If you’re a beginner wondering how to master MLA in-text citations, this guide will walk you through the essentials.
What Are In-Text Citations?
In-text citations are brief references within the body of your text that direct readers to the full citations listed on the Works Cited page. They are essential for acknowledging the sources of your information and ideas, ensuring you avoid plagiarism.
In MLA style, in-text citations are parenthetical, typically including the author’s last name and the page number where the information can be found. For example:
(Smith 45)
This format allows readers to locate the source easily in your Works Cited list.
The Basics of MLA In-Text Citations
Author-Page Format: The standard MLA in-text citation includes the author’s last name and the page number, with no punctuation between them.
Example: (Doe 23)
Placement: Place the citation immediately after the referenced information, before the period ending the sentence.
Example: “MLA style simplifies citations” (Adams 12).
No Page Numbers?: If the source has no page numbers (e.g., a website), include only the author’s name.
Example: (Johnson).
Handling Different Types of Sources
1. Single Author
Use the author’s last name and the page number.
Example: (Miller 78).
2. Two Authors
Include both authors’ last names, connected by “and.”
Example: (Brown and Taylor 56).
3. Three or More Authors
Use the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”
Example: (Garcia et al. 101).
4. No Author
Use the title of the work in quotation marks or italics, depending on the type of source.
Example for an article: (“Climate Change Impacts” 34).
Example for a book: (Guide to Astronomy 88).
5. Corporate Author
Use the organization’s name as the author.
Example: (World Health Organization 202).
Special Situations
1. Indirect Sources
When quoting a source cited in another source, use “qtd. in” (quoted in).
Example: (qtd. in Lopez 45).
2. Multiple Works by the Same Author
Include a shortened title to distinguish between works.
Example: (Smith, Art History 67).
3. Multivolume Works
Indicate the volume and page number.
Example: (Johnson 2:45).
Formatting Rules
Punctuation: Parentheses go before the period of the sentence.
Correct: (Taylor 22).
Incorrect: (Taylor 22).
Block Quotes: For quotes longer than four lines, format as a block quote, with the citation after the period.
Example:
According to Smith, “MLA citations are straightforward and user-friendly” (89).
Examples for Practice
Example 1: Quoting a Book
Original text: "The sky is blue due to the scattering of light."
In-text citation: (Jones 45).
Example 2: Quoting a Website
Original text: "Global warming affects weather patterns worldwide."
In-text citation: (Brown).
Common Mistakes to Avoid
Omitting Citations: Always cite your sources, even if paraphrasing.
Using Incorrect Formatting: Follow the MLA guidelines strictly.
Failing to Include a Works Cited Entry: Every in-text citation must correspond to a full entry in the Works Cited list.
Tools to Simplify MLA Citations
If you’re struggling with MLA citations, consider using online tools such as EasyBib, Citation Machine, or Zotero. These platforms can help generate accurate citations quickly.
Conclusion
Mastering MLA in-text citations doesn’t have to be daunting. By understanding the basic rules and practicing consistently, you can seamlessly integrate citations into your academic writing. Remember, proper citation not only enhances your credibility but also shows respect for the intellectual work of others. Keep this guide handy as you navigate your next MLA-styled assignment!
